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When the vaccines for Covid-19 were approved this past winter, I think the whole world breathed a huge sigh of relief – finally, the end to the pandemic was in sight. But it’s been months since then, and while some social restrictions have lessened, we’re still in a pandemic. So, what gives? How long until things really get back to normal?
去年冬天，当新冠病毒疫苗获得批准时，我想全世界都松了一口气——终于，疫情即将结束。不过自那时起已经几个月了，虽然一些社会限制有所减少，但我们仍然处于疫情之下。那么，究竟是怎么回事呢？还要多久我们才能真正恢复正常生活？
That actually depends on you. Well, not just you, but everyone that is able to get a Covid-19 vaccine, because that’s our best bet and fastest way out of this thing. A large majority of Covid-19 deaths in the United States are coming from those who are unvaccinated. You see, a pandemic doesn’t end until the virus is no longer widespread. And to slow or even stop it from spreading, a vast majority of people need to become immune.
实际上这要取决于你。不只是你，还包括所有可以接种新冠病毒疫苗的人，因为这是我们致胜的法宝和最好的出路。美国绝大部分新冠死亡病例来自未接种疫苗者。疫情直到病毒不再广泛传播才能结束。为了减缓甚至阻止传播，我们绝大多数人都需要取得免疫。
Immunity can happen either by getting and surviving the illness or by getting a vaccine. In both scenarios, your body creates the antibodies necessary to fight it off. And once enough people have developed an immunity, we get what’s called herd immunity. This protects not just those who are immune but people who are unable to get a vaccine or are unlikely to survive the illness, like newborns or people who are immunocompromised. This is because, if lots of people are immune, the virus has less opportunity to spread, making it unlikely for those who aren’t immune to encounter it.
免疫可以通过感染生病后恢复或者接种疫苗来实现。在这两种情况下，你的身体都会产生必要的抗体来对抗病毒。一旦足够多的人产生免疫力，我们就获得了所谓的“群体免疫”。这不仅可以保护那些已获免疫力的人，还能保护那些无法接种疫苗或者容易患病后危重的人，例如新生儿或有免疫缺陷的人。这是因为，如果很多人免疫，病毒传播的机会就会变小，因此那些没有免疫力的人不太可能遇到它。
For everyone that’s doubting this is even possible, I want to let you know that we’ve seen this happen for diseases like measles, smallpox, and polio, where vaccines helped to establish a herd immunity and have either eliminated the disease completely – like polio and smallpox – or make it very rare – like measles. We’ve already been through things like this. It’s possible to beat this thing with your help.
对于那些持怀疑态度的人，我想告诉你，我们已经看到麻疹、天花和脊髓灰质炎等疾病都产生了这种效果，疫苗有助于建立群体免疫力，要么完全消除了这种疾病——如脊髓灰质炎和天花——要么使它非常罕见——如麻疹。我们已经经历过这样的事情。在你的帮助下，我们可以打败这一新疾病。
The amount of people that need to be immune for herd immunity to work varies depending on how contagious the virus is, which is measured by how many people an infected individual can infect. For example, measles is very contagious, so it needs a high number of people to be immune for herd immunity to kick in – between 90 and 95% of the population. For Covid-19, estimates range from 70 to 90% of the population, though this could change if more contagious variants emerge. These high percentages are why vaccines are so important and why experts are strongly advocating for people to get a Covid-19 vaccine and not to rely on infection to become immune. Even if you’ve had Covid-19, they still recommend that you get vaccinated to increase your immunity.
需要群体免疫才能起作用的人数因病毒的传染性而异，而感染力由受感染者感染的人数来衡量。例如，麻疹具有很强的传染性，因此需要大量人群获得免疫——占人口的90%至95%。对于新冠病毒，估计在70%到90%之间，但如果出现更具传染性的变异，这种情况可能会改变。这种高比例使得接种疫苗十分重要，也是为什么专家强烈建议人们接种新冠病毒疫苗，而不是依靠感染来获得免疫力。即使你感染了新冠病毒，他们仍然建议你接种疫苗来增强你的免疫力。
In fact, herd immunity has never been achieved for any major infectious disease like Covid-19 without vaccination. If we didn’t have a vaccine, the virus would continue to spread, cause unnecessary infections and deaths, keep mutating, and become harder to control. So far, as of June 2021, world vaccination numbers are pretty low. In some countries, over 50% of their population has received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine – the United States, for instance, just reached this number. But the majority of countries have a much lower percentage and worldwide, only 10% of people have gotten at least one dose.
事实上，对于任何像新冠病毒这样的重大传染病，如果没有接种疫苗，群体免疫根本不能实现。如果我们没有疫苗，病毒将继续传播，造成不必要的感染和死亡，不断变异，并变得更加难以控制。截至2021年6月，世界范围内接种疫苗的人数还非常低。在一些国家，超过50%的人口至少接种了一剂新冠病毒疫苗——例如，美国刚刚达到这个数字。但大多数国家的百分比要低得多，在全球范围内，只有10%的人至少接种过一剂疫苗。
So, if you are already vaccinated, thank you for helping us all get this pandemic under control. And if you are not vaccinated yet, please, please, please get vaccinated to help get the numbers up, stop the spread and mutations of the virus and get things back to normal.
因此，如果你已经接种了疫苗，感谢你为我们所有人控制疫情做出贡献。如果你尚未接种疫苗，请尽快接种疫苗，以提高接种人数，阻止病毒的传播和突变，让我们的生活早日恢复正常。
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发表于 2021-8-13 10:16:22
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发表于 2021-8-13 11:29:42
