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回帖下载完整音频及双语全文：
Good morning everyone. Today I will focus on the issue of cultural understanding.
大家早上好！今天我将主要讲一下文化认知的问题。
With the increasing globalization, the world becomes really small nowadays. Then if we want to understand a foreign culture very well, what should we do? And what kinds of process will we experience before we achieve that goal?
随着全球化的不断发展，现在世界变得越来越小。那么如果想要很好地了解外国文化，我们该怎么办？在实现这一目标之前，我们将经历哪些过程？
The answer is not very difficult to imagine. Just like learning a language, developing cultural understanding occurs step by step over time. So, in order to make a clearer explanation about the process, the five stages of cultural understanding are presented here.
答案不难想象。就像学习一门语言一样，文化认知也是随着时间的推移一步步加强的。因此，为了更清楚地解释这个过程，这里介绍文化认知的五个阶段。
Stage one: No understanding.
第一阶段：毫无认知。
This level involves no awareness of the new culture. The point is quite easy to see. For a person who has few chances to get contact with other cultures, a new one sometimes might as well be like something from an unknown planet in outer space. The person does not know anyone from the culture and has encountered few, if any, basic facts about the culture. So, naturally, the person certainly has no way to understand that culture at all.
这个阶段意味着对新的文化完全没有意识。这一点很容易得出。对于一个几乎没有机会与其他文化接触的人来说，一个新的文化就好比是来自外太空中未知行星的某个东西。这个人不认识该文化中的任何人，也几乎没有接触过该文化的基本情况。所以，很自然地，这个人当然根本无法理解这种文化。
Stage two: Superficial understanding.
第二阶段：肤浅认知。
This level involves awareness of very superficial aspects of the foreign culture. At this stage of cultural awareness, the person knows a few basic facts of the new culture. These facts stand out and often serve as the basis of stereotypes. However, stereotypes are offensive because they imply that all people from a certain culture have the same characteristics. At this stage of cultural awareness, when stereotypes are keenly felt, the person is highly ethnocentric, that means the person just focuses on his or her own culture as the norm of what is “right” comparing the new culture with the “better” culture back home.
这个阶段涉及对外来文化非常肤浅的认知。在这个阶段，人们知道新文化的一些基本情况。这些情况凸显出来，常常变成对该文化的刻板印象。然而，刻板印象往往是冒犯性的，因为它们暗示来自某种文化的所有人都具有相同的特征。在文化认知的这个阶段，一旦有了刻板印象，人们往往高度自我为中心，这意味着这个人只关注自己的文化，并将其作为“正确”的标准，并认为与新的文化相比自己的文化“更好”。
Stage three: Growing understanding and possible conflict.
第三阶段：提高认知与文化冲突。
At this stage the learner begins to be aware of more subtle, sometimes less visible, traits in the foreign culture. He or she is still ethnocentric, home culture-oriented, comparing the culture that is “new” to his or her “old” home culture — and usually feeling that his or her own culture is much better. I think some of you, as English majors, may have the exact same experiences when you come to be familiar with your foreign teachers or friends. You do appreciate some of their cultures, but you just can’t accept them from the bottom of your heart.
在这个阶段，学习者开始意识到外国文化中更微妙，有时不那么明显的特征。但他们仍然是以自我文化为中心，以自身文化为导向，将“新”的文化与自己的“老”文化进行比较并认为自己的文化要好得多。我想在座的英语专业学生中一些人会有这种经历，当你与一些外国教师或朋友熟悉后，你确实欣赏他们的一些文化，但你还是不能从心底完全接受他们的某些文化。
Stage four: Greater intellectual understanding.
第四阶段：理性认知。
At this stage, the learner begins to comprehend intellectually the people in the foreign culture, yet there is still little emotional empathy. That is they just cannot really feel the same way the members of other cultures feel. The learner begins to shed ethnocentrism a little bit and starts to understand the new culture more deeply. The comfort level is higher, and the person does not complain extensively about cultural differences. That makes a big sense in the process of cultural understanding.
在这个阶段，学习者开始理性地理解外国文化中的人，但仍然没有情感上的感同身受。他们还无法真正体会其他文化成员的感受。学习者开始逐渐摆脱自我中心，开始更深入地理解新文化。这个阶段变得好很多，也不再经常地抱怨文化差异。这一点在文化认知发展的过程中具有重要意义。
Stage five: True empathy and cultural respect.
第五阶段：感同身受与文化尊重。
This level is the highest one of cultural awareness. To attain this level, the learner must actually live in the foreign culture for some time. At the fifth stage, unlike the previous stages, the learner does not just see things intellectually from the viewpoint of the culture some or most of the time. Instead, he or she actually feels part of the culture, respects the culture fully, and empathizes emotionally with those who have lived all their lives in that culture. By doing so, the person, in a real sense, achieves a true cultural understanding.
这是文化认知的最高阶段。要达到这个水平，学习者必须在外国文化中生活一段时间。在第五个阶段，与前几个阶段不同，学习者不仅仅是在某些或者大部分时间从理性的角度看待事物。相反，他真的能感受到自己是那个文化的一部分，对新文化表现出充分的尊重，并对在这一文化中的生活方式达到感同身受。到了这一阶段，这个人才在真正意义上达到了完全的文化认知。
In summary, today’s lecture is centered on the stages in the growth of cultural consciousness. I hope the lecture will be helpful in your nurturing of cultural awareness. Thanks for your patience.
总结一下，今天我们的讲座主要介绍了文化认知发展的各个阶段。我希望这个讲座能够帮助大家培养你们的文化认知。谢谢大家。
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发表于 2019-9-17 21:44:44
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发表于 2019-9-18 15:31:40
