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当地时间10月8日，瑞典皇家科学院宣布，将2019年诺贝尔物理学奖（The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019）授予吉姆·皮布尔斯（James Peebles）、米歇尔·麦耶（Michel Mayor）和迪迪埃·奎洛兹（Didier Queloz），以奖励他们在天体物理学方面的发现。
发布会现场宣布：今年的诺贝尔物理学奖授予3位科学家，他们对宇宙结构和历史提出新的认知观点，以及在太阳系外首次发现一颗环绕类日恒星运行的行星，这些发现将永远地改变了我们对宇宙的看法。
诺贝尔奖委员会指出，今年的物理学奖颁给的是增进了人类对于宇宙的结构和历史了解的卓越贡献者。皮布尔斯以其在“物理宇宙学的理论发现”获奖，而麦耶和奎洛兹则发现了 “一个系外行星绕一个太阳型恒星的轨道运行”，而“这些发现永久性地改变了我们对世界的概念。”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019 was awarded "for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth's place in the cosmos" with one half to James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology", the other half jointly to Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star."
皮布尔斯将获得91万美元奖金中的一半，而麦耶和奎洛兹则将分得剩下的一半。
回帖查看本次发布会的英文原声及中文同传视频：
诺贝尔官方颁奖词
New perspectives on our place in the universe
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics rewards new understanding of the universe’s structure and history, and the first discovery of a planet orbiting a solar-type star outside our solar system.
James Peebles’ insights into physical cosmology have enriched the entire field of research and laid a foundation for the transformation of cosmology over the last fifty years, from speculation to science. His theoretical framework, developed since the mid-1960s, is the basis of our contemporary ideas about the universe.
The Big Bang model describes the universe from its very first moments, almost 14 billion years ago, when it was extremely hot and dense. Since then, the universe has been expanding, becoming larger and colder. Barely 400,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe became transparent and light rays were able to travel through space. Even today, this ancient radiation is all around us and, coded into it, many of the universe’s secrets are hiding. Using his theoretical tools and calculations, James Peebles was able to interpret these traces from the infancy of the universe and discover new physical processes.
The results showed us a universe in which just five per cent of its content is known, the matter which constitutes stars, planets, trees – and us. The rest, 95 per cent, is unknown dark matter and dark energy. This is a mystery and a challenge to modern physics.
In October 1995, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz announced the first discovery of a planet outside our solar system, an exoplanet, orbiting a solar-type star in our home galaxy, the Milky Way. At the Haute-Provence Observatory in southern France, using custom-made instruments, they were able to see planet 51 Pegasi b, a gaseous ball comparable with the solar system’s biggest gas giant, Jupiter.
This discovery started a revolution in astronomy and over 4,000 exoplanets have since been found in the Milky Way. Strange new worlds are still being discovered, with an incredible wealth of sizes, forms and orbits. They challenge our preconceived ideas about planetary systems and are forcing scientists to revise their theories of the physical processes behind the origins of planets. With numerous projects planned to start searching for exoplanets, we may eventually find an answer to the eternal question of whether other life is out there.
This year’s Laureates have transformed our ideas about the cosmos. While James Peebles’ theoretical discoveries contributed to our understanding of how the universe evolved after the Big Bang, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz explored our cosmic neighbourhoods on the hunt for unknown planets. Their discoveries have forever changed our conceptions of the world. |
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发表于 2019-10-8 21:43:03
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发表于 2020-2-1 09:41:31
