2011年1月19日下午，美国总统奥巴马与中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛在白宫东厅举行了联合记者会。以下是中美两国元首在记者会上的讲话和答问全文：
Press Conference by President Obama and Chinese President Hu in Joint Press Conference January 19, 2011
美国总统奥巴马和中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛在联合记者会上的讲话 2011年1月19日
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon. It is my pleasure to welcome President Hu to the White House and to return the hospitality that he showed when I visited China last year. This is our eighth meeting. Together we’ve shown that the United States and China, when we cooperate, can receive substantial benefits.
奥巴马总统：下午好！我荣幸地欢迎胡主席来到白宫，并答谢我去年访问中国时他对我的热情款待。这是我们的第8次会晤。我们在一起共同显示了美中两国合作时所能带来的巨大收益。
The positive, constructive, cooperative U.S.-China relationship is good for the United States. We just had a very good meeting with the business leaders from both our countries. They pointed out that China is one of the top markets for American exports. We’re now exporting more than $100 billion a year in goods and services to China, which supports more than half a million American jobs. In fact, our exports to China are growing nearly twice as fast as our exports to the rest of the world, making it a key part of my goal of doubling American exports and keeping America competitive in the 21st century.
积极、建设性、合作的美中关系对美国有利。我们刚与两国企业界领袖举行了一个很好的会议。他们指出，中国是美国出口产品的首选市场之一，目前我们每年向中国出口价值超过1000亿美元的商品和服务，从而支持了50多万个美国就业机会。事实上，我们对中国的出口增长速度要比对世界其他地方的出口增长速度高将近一倍。因此，向中国出口是将美国出口翻番的我的目标的重要部分，并且有助于在21世纪保持我们的竞争优势。
Cooperation between our countries is also good for China. China’s extraordinary economic growth has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. And this is a tribute to the Chinese people. But it’s also thanks to decades of stability in Asia made possible by America’s forward presence in the region, by strong trade with America, and by an open international economic system championed by the United States of America.
两国间的合作也对中国有利。中国卓越的经济成就已经使亿万人脱贫。这是中国人民的功劳。但它也要归功于亚洲数十年来的稳定，这种稳定与美国在该地区的前沿存在、该地区与美国之间的强劲贸易，以及由美国所倡导捍卫的开放的国际经济体制是分不开的。
Cooperation between our countries is also good for the world. Along with our G20 partners, we’ve moved from the brink of catastrophe to the beginning of global economic recovery. With our Security Council partners, we passed and are enforcing the strongest sanctions to date against Iran over its nuclear program. We’ve worked together to reduce tensions on the Korean Peninsula. And most recently, we welcomed China’s support for the historic referendum in southern Sudan.
我们两国之间的合作也对世界有利。我们同20国集团的合作伙伴一道，从灾难的边缘开始走向全球经济的复苏。我们与安理会的合作伙伴共同通过并实施了对伊朗核计划迄今最强烈的制裁。我们为缓和朝鲜半岛的紧张局势共同作出了努力。最近，我们欢迎中国对南部苏丹历史性全民公决的支持。
As we look to the future, what’s needed, I believe, is a spirit of cooperation that is also friendly competition. In areas like those that I just mentioned, we will cooperate — forging partnerships and making progress that neither nation can achieve alone. In other areas, we’ll compete — a healthy competition that spurs both countries to innovate and become even more competitive. That’s the kind of relationship I see for the United States and China in the 21st century, and that’s the kind of relationship that we advanced today.
展望未来，我认为我们需要的是一种合作精神，它也是友好的竞争。在我刚才提到的这些领域，我们将合作——建立伙伴关系并取得无论是我们哪个国家单独都无法实现的进步。在其他领域，我们将竞争——一种激励两国创新和更具竞争力的健康竞争。这正是我所看到的美国和中国在21世纪的关系，这正是我们今天所推进的那种关系。
I am very pleased that we’ve completed dozens of deals that will increase U.S. exports by more than $45 billion and also increase China’s investment in the United States by several billion dollars. From machinery to software, from aviation to agriculture, these deals will support some 235,000 American jobs. And that includes many manufacturing jobs. So this is great news for America’s workers.
我很高兴我们完成了几十项交易，这将使美国的出口增加450多亿美元，同时给中国增加了几十亿美元在美国的投资。从机械到软件，从航空到农业，这些交易将支持23万5千个美国就业机会。这包括许多制造业的就业机会。因此，这对美国工人来说是很好的消息。
I did also stress to President Hu that there has to be a level playing field for American companies competing in China, that trade has to be fair. So I welcomed his commitment that American companies will not be discriminated against when they compete for Chinese government procurement contracts. And I appreciate his willingness to take new steps to combat the theft of intellectual property.
我还向胡锦涛主席强调说，必须给在中国竞争的美国公司一个公平竞争场所，贸易要公平。因此，我欢迎他所作的承诺，即美国公司在竞争中国政府采购合同时将不会受到歧视。我也赞赏他愿意为打击盗窃知识产权采取新措施。
We’re renewing our long-running cooperation in science and technology, which sparks advances in agriculture and industry. We’re moving ahead with our U.S.-China clean energy research center and joint ventures in wind power, smart grids and cleaner coal. I believe that as the two largest energy consumers and emitters of greenhouses gases, the United States and China have a responsibility to combat climate change by building on the progress at Copenhagen and Cancun, and showing the way to a clean energy future. And President Hu indicated that he agrees with me on this issue.
我们在重振我们在科学技术领域的长期合作，科学技术推动农业和工业的发展。我们正在推进美中清洁能源研究中心的工作以及在风能、智能电网及洁净煤等领域的合资项目。我认为，作为当今两个最大的能源消费国和温室气体排放国，美国与中国有责任解决气候变化问题，促进哥本哈根会议和坎昆会议所取得的进展，引领通向清洁能源未来的道路。胡主席表示，他与我在这一问题上持相同观点。
We discussed China’s progress in moving toward a more market-oriented economy and how we can ensure a strong and balanced global economic recovery. We agreed that in China, this means boosting domestic demand; here in the United States, it means spending less and exporting more.
我们讨论了中国走向更加市场导向的经济的进展，以及我们能够如何确保强劲而平衡的全球经济复苏。我们一致认为，对于中国，这意味着促进国内需求；而对于美国，这意味着减少开支，增加出口。
I told President Hu that we welcome China’s increasing the flexibility of its currency. But I also had to say that the RMB remains undervalued, that there needs to be further adjustment in the exchange rate, and that this can be a powerful tool for China boosting domestic demand and lessening the inflationary pressures in their economy. So we’ll continue to look for the value of China’s currency to be increasingly driven by the market, which will help ensure that no nation has an undue economic advantage.
我对胡主席说，我们欢迎中国日益提高货币弹性。但是我不得不说人民币仍然价值过低，有必要进一步调整汇率，而这可以成为中国扩大国内需求和降低自身经济通胀压力的强有力工具。因此，我们将继续期待中国货币价值日益根据市场浮动，这将帮助确保任何国家都不会有不应有的经济优势。
To advance our shared security, we’re expanding and deepening dialogue and cooperation between our militaries, which increases trust and reduces misunderstandings.
为了加强我们共同的安全，我们正在扩大和加深我们两国军方之间的对话与合作，以便加强信任和减少误解。
With regard to regional stability and security in East Asia, I stressed that the United States has a fundamental interest in maintaining freedom of navigation, unimpeded commerce, respect for international law and the peaceful resolution of differences.
在东亚地区稳定和安全方面，我强调保持航海自由、商业通畅、尊重国际法以及以和平方式解决分歧是美国的根本利益所在。
I welcomed the progress that’s been made on both sides of the Taiwan Strait in reducing tensions and building economic ties. And we hope this progress continues, because it’s in the interest of both sides, the region and the United States. Indeed, I reaffirmed our commitment to a one-China policy based on the three U.S.-China communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act.
我欢迎台湾海峡两岸在缓和紧张局势和建立经济关系方面所取得的进展。我们希望，这一进展继续下去，因为这符合两岸的利益、地区的利益和美国的利益。的确，我重申了我们对基于美中三个公报和《台湾关系法》的“一个中国”政策的承诺。
I told President Hu that we appreciated China’s role in reducing tensions on the Korean Peninsula, and we agreed that North Korea must avoid further provocations. I also said that North Korea’s nuclear and ballistic missile program is increasingly a direct threat to the security of the United States and our allies. We agreed that the paramount goal must be complete denuclearization of the peninsula. In that regard, the international community must continue to state clearly that North Korea’s uranium enrichment program is in violation of North Korea’s commitments and international obligations.
我对胡主席说，我们赞赏中国在缓和朝鲜半岛紧张局势方面所发挥的作用。我们一致认为，北韩必须避免采取进一步的挑衅行动。我还表示，北韩的核与弹道导弹项目对美国和我们的盟国的安全越来越构成直接威胁。我们一致认为，最高目标必须是半岛的彻底无核化。在这方面，国际社会必须继续明确表明，北韩的铀浓缩项目违反了北韩的承诺及其国际义务。
With respect to global security, I’m pleased that we’re moving ahead with President Hu’s commitment at last year’s Nuclear Security Summit for China to establish a center of excellence, which will help secure the world’s vulnerable nuclear materials.
关于全球安全问题，我满意地看到，胡主席去年在核安全峰会上作出的建立中国示范中心的承诺正在进展中，这个中心将有助于保障世界上易流散的核材料的安全。
To prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, we agreed that Iran must uphold its international obligations and that the U.N. Security Council sanctions on Iran must be fully enforced.
我们一致认为，为了防止核武器扩散，伊朗必须履行其国际义务，联合国安理会对伊朗的各项制裁措施必须得到全面的执行。
Along with our P5-plus-1 partners, we’ll continue to offer the government of Iran the opportunity for dialogue and integration into the international community, but only if it meets its obligations.
我们将继续同我们的“五常加一”伙伴一道，向伊朗政府提供对话和融入国际社会的机会，但这必须是在伊朗履行其义务的条件下。
I reaffirmed America’s fundamental commitment to the universal rights of all people. That includes basic human rights like freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association and demonstration, and of religion — rights that are recognized in the Chinese constitution. As I’ve said before, the United States speaks up for these freedoms and the dignity of every human being, not only because it’s part of who we are as Americans, but we do so because we believe that by upholding these universal rights, all nations, including China, will ultimately be more prosperous and successful.
我重申了美国履行对所有人的普世权利的基本承诺。它包括言论、新闻、集会、结社、示威和宗教自由等基本人权——这些是中国宪法予以承认的权利。如我以前所说，美国为这些自由及人类每个人的尊严大声疾呼，这不仅由于它是我们成为美国人的重要原因，而且也是由于我们相信通过维护这些普世权利，包括中国在内的所有国家最终将会更加繁荣和成功。
So, today, we’ve agreed to move ahead with our formal dialogue on human rights. We’ve agreed to new exchanges to advance the rule of law. And even as we, the United States, recognize that Tibet is part of the People’s Republic of China, the United States continues to support further dialogue between the government of China and the representatives of the Dalai Lama to resolve concerns and differences, including the preservation of the religious and cultural identity of the Tibetan people.
因此，今天，我们已经同意推动我们在人权问题上的正式对话。我们已经同意为促进法治进行新的交流。即使我们——美国——承认西藏是中华人民共和国的一部分，美国也仍将继续支持中国政府与达赖喇嘛的代表之间举行进一步对话，以解决各种关注问题和分歧，其中包括维护西藏人民的宗教和文化特征。
Finally, we continue to expand partnerships between our people, especially our young people. Today, my wife Michelle is highlighting our efforts to increase the number of American students studying in China to 100,000. And I am very pleased that President Hu will be visiting my hometown of Chicago.
最后，我们继续扩大我们两国人民——尤其是我们的青少年——之间的伙伴合作关系。今天，我的妻子米歇尔正在突出介绍我们为将到中国学习的美国学生增加到10万人所作的各项努力。我很高兴胡主席将访问我的家乡芝加哥市。
Mr. President, you are brave to visit Chicago in the middle of winter. I have warned him that the weather may not be as pleasant as it is here today. (Laughter.) But I know that in the students and the businesspeople that you meet, you will see the extraordinary possibilities of partnership between our citizens.
主席先生，你在隆冬时节访问芝加哥很有勇气。我已经告诫他，那里的天气可能不像今天这里的天气这样宜人。但我知道，在你将要遇见的学生和企业界人士身上，你将会看到我们两国公民之间非凡的伙伴合作机会。
So, again, I believe that we’ve helped to lay the foundation for cooperation between the United States and China for decades to come. And Michelle and I look forward to hosting President Hu for a state dinner tonight to celebrate the deep ties between our people, as well as our shared hopes for the future.
因此，我要再次表示，我相信，我们已经帮助奠定了美中两国今后数十年合作的基础。米歇尔和我期待着今晚为胡主席举行国宴，庆祝我们两国人民之间的深厚关系和我们对未来的共同希望。
President Hu.
请胡主席。
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