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On May 28th, China’s first civil code was enacted at the annual session of the National People’s Congress. It is the first legislative package called a “code” since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and is of great significance.
5月28日，新中国第一部《民法典》在一年一度的全国人民代表大会上诞生了。这部新中国首个带“典”字的法律，对于中国的意义非同一般。
Since 1980, China has successively promulgated a spectrum of separate laws including the Marriage Law, Adoption Law, Contracts Law, and Property Law, which have long-served as the basis for judicial practice in civil cases.
自1980年起，中国陆续制定了《婚姻法》《收养法》《合同法》《物权法》等多部民事单行法律，成为了很长时间内民事领域司法实践的依据。
Now, China has codified a unified, internally consistent and more comprehensive civil code based on these separate civil laws, aimed at providing an “encyclopedia on social life” and “encyclopedia of rights.” It stipulates how civil rights are exercised and protected, providing China with a complete code of conduct in the civil life.
如今，中国在过去松散的民法体系的基础上，编纂一部统一的、和谐的、更加完备的民法典，其意义在于，形成了一个包罗万象的“社会生活百科全书”和“权利宝典”，规定每一项民事权利如何行使、如何受到保护，这意味着中国社会民事生活领域有了完整的行为规范。
Consisting of 1,260 articles in seven parts, China’s civil code includes almost every aspect closely related to people’s lives, such as sexual harassment, environmental pollution, protection of privacy rights and image rights in an era when artificial intelligence is rapidly advancing. Some of the code’s articles are quite distinctive.
中国的《民法典》一共7编，1260条，对当今社会中与百姓切身利益息息相关的方方面面都做出了规定，如性骚扰，环境污染，人工智能发展下的隐私权、肖像权保护等，还有许多条款颇具特色。
For instance, the term “dignity of life” is introduced in the code. With this provision, every person can maintain their dignity of life and death, such as writing a living will, accepting hospice care, and giving up degrading and painful treatment. These aspects are absent in many other countries’ civil codes.
比如，提出了“生命尊严”的概念，有了这一规定，每个人就可以维护自己生的尊严和死的尊严，包括立生前遗嘱，进行临终关怀，放弃不体面的、痛苦的治疗等等，这是世界上其他国家的民法典中没有包含的。
Another example is the inclusion of “peace of private life” within privacy rights, which protects people’s private lives from illegal intrusion through activities such as peeping, eavesdropping and spam emails.
再比如，将“私人生活安宁”写入隐私权保护中，使私人生活不受窥视、窃听乃至垃圾邮件等非法侵扰。
One of the highlights in China’s civil code is the dedicated section for personality rights, emphasizing the respect and protection of personal dignity, and the spirit of humanism. This reflects the wisdom of China’s judicial practice over the past few decades, and will undoubtedly increase the protection of ordinary Chinese people’s rights. Only in this way can China have a firmer foundation for advancing the rule of law.
中国《民法典》最大的亮点之一，是将人格权独立成编，特别强调对人格尊严的尊重和保护，彰显了人文主义的立场和精神。这是中国过去几十年司法实践的智慧结晶，必将更有力地推动中国普通百姓社会生活的各项权利得到保障。也只有如此，中国全面依法治国才有更坚实的根基。
With the enactment of the civil code, the civil actors across the whole of society will be incorporated into the system of civil law. In turn, China will usher in a new era of state governance and civil legal protection.
随着《民法典》的面世，整个社会的民事主体的活动都将被纳入到民法治理的体系当中，中国将进入国家治理和人民权利保护的新时代。
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发表于 2020-6-27 10:26:04
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发表于 2020-6-27 18:04:17
