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Minding the Gaps to Deliver Prosperity for Asia
By Christine Lagarde, IMF Managing Director
Boao Forum, Hainan, China
April 10, 2018
关注差距，实现亚洲繁荣
国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯蒂娜·拉加德
中国海南，博鳌论坛
2018年4月10日
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President Xi, Your Excellencies, honorable guests—good morning.
习主席、尊敬的诸位阁下、尊贵的各位来宾——大家早上好。
Sixty-six percent of 3.9, times two equals Asia. What do I mean? Asia contributes two thirds of global growth, forecast at 3.9 percent, this year and next. This underscores the importance of this region.
3.9的66%乘以2，等于亚洲。我说的是什么意思？亚洲贡献了全球增长的三分之二，预计今年增长3.9%，明年也是3.9%。这凸显了亚洲地区的重要性。
To borrow from the great French writer, Simone de Beauvoir, who said: “Life begins at 40.” I congratulate you, President Xi. For this new era that you have identified; for the openness that we are celebrating; for the innovation and inclusiveness that you have encouraged.
伟大的法国作家西蒙娜·德·波伏娃曾经说过一句话：“人生四十方起步。”习主席，在这里我要祝贺您：祝贺您慧眼识得这个新时代，并提倡开放、创新和包容。
You have not only said this in general terms; you have been very specific: opening sectors—banking, insurance, automotive. Removing caps, reducing barriers, providing a more business-friendly environment. Advocating for inclusiveness.
对此，您并未仅止于泛泛而谈；而是提到了非常具体的措施：开放银行业、保险业和汽车业部门。取消限额，减少壁垒，营造更有利的投资环境。倡导包容性。
So as you have been very practical, let me advocate for the benefit of closing, closing a few gaps—because it can help China’s openness strategy.
我希望也能如您这般，务实地倡导弥合若干差距——因为此举对中国的开放战略不无裨益。
The first gap is the digital gap applied to finance. Indeed, the digital gap in Asia is smaller than almost anywhere else in the world.
第一个差距是 “数字鸿沟”， 特别是金融领域。确实，亚洲的数字鸿沟几乎小于世界任何其他地方。
The gap can be closed even further, including through policies that enable more women to access digital financial services.
若是通过各种政策使更多女性获得数字金融服务，甚至还能进一步缩小这种鸿沟。
IMF analysis shows that, if the gap between the least financially inclusive country in Asia and the median country was narrowed, national GDP per capita could be increased by a full percentage point.
国际货币基金组织的分析表明，如果亚洲金融普惠程度最低国家与程度中等国家拉近彼此之间的差距，那么，其人均GDP可以增长整整一个百分点。
Gap number two is what I would call the regulatory gap. Here in Asia, we see a blossoming of fintech industries.
第二个差距我想称之为“监管差距”。当下，我们正目睹亚洲金融科技产业经历着繁荣兴旺的过程。
Yet the rise of fintech is revealing regulatory gaps which, if not closed both domestically and on a cross-border basis, can lead to systemic risks. You do not want to risk that. Instead, transform safely, and be more inclusive!
然而，金融科技的崛起也暴露了国内和跨境监管中的漏洞，如果不能弥合，可能会导致系统性风险。没有人愿意冒这个险。反之，则不但可以安全实现转型，而且能够提高包容程度！
The third gap is a very interesting one—I would call it the innovation gap. New IMF research shows not only the contribution of trade to growth, but it identifies how trade facilitates the sharing of technology across borders, especially in emerging markets.
第三个差距非常有意思——我想称之为“创新差距”。国际货币基金组织一项新研究不仅表明了贸易对经济增长确有贡献，而且确定了贸易是以何种方式促进技术的跨境共享、尤其是在新兴市场中的跨境共享。
That is another gap that needs to be closed.
这就是有待弥合的另一个差距。
Until recently much of the creation of new technology was concentrated in a small number of advanced economies. But that is changing.
直到不久前，大部分新技术的创造还都集中在少数几个发达经济体中。不过，情况正在改变。
Two thirds of the world’s industrial robots are to be found in this region, predominantly in Japan, South Korea, and China. This needs to be continued.
眼下，世界上三分之二的工业机器人应用于亚洲——主要是日本、韩国和中国。这一趋势必须持续下去。
And it is through trade that innovation will continue to be shared, and that Asia will transform itself from being an importer of innovation to also being an exporter of innovation.
正是由于贸易的存在，全球可以继续共享创新，而亚洲本身也将由引进创新地区转变为既引进创新又输出创新的地区。
This is the kind of progress that you have identified, President Xi, particularly when it comes to the protection of intellectual property. IPR protection for all—Chinese and foreign companies alike—can help ensure that this progress will come through.
这就是习主席您所指出的发展创意，它尤其适用于知识产权的保护。落实知识产权保护，对中国公司和外国公司一视同仁，那么各方都会受益。
Happy next 40 years after this first success in the last forty years!
在四十年的成功之后，希望中国的下一个四十年继续取得辉煌成绩！
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