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标题: 2021-04-20 央行行长博鳌亚洲论坛年会演讲 [打印本页]

作者: Interpreter 时间: 2021-5-24 10:38
标题: 2021-04-20 央行行长博鳌亚洲论坛年会演讲
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推动亚洲区域合作共促绿色金融发展
——在博鳌亚洲论坛2021年年会“金融支持碳中和”圆桌会议上的主旨视频演讲
人民银行行长易纲
2021年4月20日

Join Hands in Promoting Green Finance Cooperation in Asia
--Keynote Speech at the Financing Carbon Neutrality Roundtable of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference
Governor YI Gang of the PBC
April 20th, 2021

女士们、先生们、各位来宾：

Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:

很高兴今天以视频方式参加博鳌亚洲论坛组织的金融支持碳中和圆桌会。我今天主要想谈三方面内容，一是如何更好地动员资金支持低碳转型，二是如何管理好因气候变化引起的金融风险，三是国际协调与合作，特别是G20等平台可发挥重要作用。

It is a great pleasure to virtually attend this Roundtable organized by BFA. Today, I would like to share with you my observations on three issues.

一、动员各方资金，支持经济可持续转型

在党中央、国务院的正确领导下，人民银行联合相关部门不断完善绿色金融顶层设计，主要开展了以下几方面工作：促进资金流入绿色行业和领域。首先是完善绿色金融标准体系。人民银行在2015年、2018年分别制定了针对绿色债券和绿色信贷的标准，即将完成修订《绿色债券支持项目目录》，删除化石能源相关内容。其次是强化信息报告和披露。金融机构目前需要披露银行间市场绿色金融债、报告绿色信贷的资金使用情况和投向，未来我们还将分步建立强制的信息披露制度，覆盖各类金融机构和融资主体，统一披露标准。三是构建激励机制。我们已将绿色债券和绿色贷款纳入央行贷款便利的合格抵押品范围，并将创设碳减排支持工具，激励金融机构为碳减排提供资金支持。人民银行还将通过商业银行评级、存款保险费率、宏观审慎评估等渠道加大对绿色金融和碳减排的支持力度。

The first issue is mobilizing funds for a sustainable transition. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the PBC has been working with relevant departments to improve the top-level design of green finance. More specifically, the PBC issued the taxonomy of green bonds and green credit in 2015 and 2018 respectively. And we are about to finish the revision of the Green Bond Endorsed Project Catalogue, which would remove fossil fuel projects. Financial institutions now are required to disclose the use of funds raised from green financial bonds in the inter-bank market and report the use and allocation of green loans. Going forward, the PBC plans to develop a mandatory disclosure system that would require all financial institutions and firms to follow unified disclosure standards. On top of that, the PBC has included green bonds and green credit into the eligible collateral of central bank lending facilities and would create tools to encourage financial institutions to finance emission reduction. We will step up support for carbon emission reduction by leveraging commercial bank ratings, deposit insurance rates, and a macro-prudential assessment framework.

促进跨境绿色资金流动。一方面，我们将尽快制定绿色金融共同分类标准。目前，我们正与欧盟共同推动绿色分类标准的国际趋同，争取年内出台一套共同的分类标准，供国际投资者参考，促进国际绿色金融协同发展。另一方面，我们将继续扩大金融业开放，便利国际投资者参与中国绿色金融市场。我们将在全面实施准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度的基础上，不断扩大外资金融机构业务范围，扩大资本市场双向开放，增强中国绿色金融市场对国际投资者的吸引力。

We will also facilitate cross-border funds mobilization. On the one hand, we will formulate a common taxonomy. We are now working with our EU counterpart to harmonize taxonomies and plan to announce a common taxonomy this year. On the other hand, we will continue to open up the financial sector and facilitate the participation of international investors in China’s green finance market. While fully implementing the pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list approach, we will continue to expand foreign financial institutions’ business scope and further promote the two-way opening-up of the capital market.

二、管理气候相关的金融风险

与发达国家相比，中国等亚洲发展中国家仍处于工业化、城镇化进程中。目前中国宣布的从碳达峰到碳中和的时间较欧美发达地区要短得多，碳中和曲线斜率更陡峭，因此我们要付出更加艰苦的努力、提前做好应对，也要督促金融机构尽早转型。

Next, let me say a few words about the second issue, managing climate-related financial risks. Compared with developed countries, China and other developing countries in Asia are still in the process of industrialization and urbanization. The current announced time between carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China is much shorter than that announced by developed countries in the west and the carbon curve is much steeper. Therefore, we need to double efforts and take action early on.

在央行层面，我们将及时评估气候变化对金融稳定和货币政策的影响。我们正研究在对金融机构的压力测试中，系统性地考虑气候变化因素。我们还将在外汇储备中继续增加对绿色债券的配置，控制投资高碳资产，在投资风险管理框架中纳入气候因素。

As the central bank, the PBC will assess the impact of climate change on financial stability and monetary policy. We are looking at the possibility of including climate change factors in the stress test of financial institutions. In foreign exchange reserve investment, we will further increase the share of green bonds, limit investment in carbon-intensive assets, and incorporate climate factors into our risk management framework.

在金融机构层面，我们将鼓励金融机构早做准备，积极应对气候挑战。人民银行已经指导试点金融机构测算项目的碳排放量，评估项目的气候、环境风险，正在探索建立全国性的碳核算体系，已按季评价银行绿色信贷情况，正在研究对金融机构开展绿色信贷、绿色债券等的业绩评价体系。

Meanwhile, we will encourage financial institutions to get prepared as early as possible and proactively deal with the climate challenge. The PBC has guided pilot financial institutions to measure the carbon emission and climate risks of their projects. Besides, we are making quarterly green credit assessments of our banks and exploring the development of a national carbon accounting system and an evaluation system of green credit and green bond performance of financial institutions.

当然，我们目前的绿色金融发展也还存在一些问题。例如部分资产的价格未充分体现环境的负外部性，这一方面是由于一些企业的环境信息还没有有效披露，另一方面是许多行业还没有纳入碳定价。我们将要求金融机构做好有序、渐进绿色转轨。在转型过程中，安全第一，节能优先，在充分考虑现有基础设施设计使用寿命和折旧的前提下，加快绿色转型。

Having said that, we still have more work to be done. For example, some asset pricing can’t reflect the negative externalities for the environment. This is possibly due to the inadequate information disclosure by firms and many industries not performing carbon pricing yet. Therefore, we will request financial institutions to pursue an orderly and gradual green transition, putting safety first, making energy conservation a priority, and speeding up transition after adequately considering the lifespan and depreciation of existing infrastructures.

三、加强国际协调，共同推动绿色发展

亚洲区内对经济绿色转型有广泛共识。主要经济体已积极行动，韩国政府于去年推出“绿色新政”，印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡等均提出了减排目标，日本已颁布《绿色债券指引》。区域层面的合作也在有序推进。在东亚及太平洋中央银行行长会议组织下，各方正探讨通过亚洲债券基金投资本地区绿色债券。在东盟与中日韩财金合作机制下，各方正研究绿色和可持续基础设施投资。近期，东盟财长和央行行长决定设立绿色分类标准委员会，制定符合本地区需求的多层次绿色金融分类体系。可见，亚洲经济体对绿色转型有需求，合作潜力巨大。

The above two issues both call for international cooperation. There is broad consensus on the green transition in Asia. Major economies are already on the move. Japan has issued Green Bond Guidelines, South Korea launched the “Green New Deal” last year, and Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore all have announced emission reduction targets. Regional cooperation is also gaining momentum. Under the Executives' Meeting of East Asia and Pacific Central Banks (EMEAP), we are discussing the investment in local green bonds through Asian Bond Fund (ABF). Under ASEAN +3 Finance Process, we are studying green and sustainable infrastructure financing. Recently, ASEAN finance ministers and central bank governors decided to set up a Green Financial Classification Standards Committee to develop a multi-tier green financial classification system tailored to local needs. All this reflects the strong demand for green transition and huge potential for cooperation in Asia.

加强国际合作，有助于共促亚洲绿色金融发展。今年，在G20主席国意大利的积极推动下，G20可持续金融研究小组得以重启并升级为工作组。

Strengthening international cooperation will promote green finance in Asia. Resumed under the Italian G20 Presidency this year, the G20 Sustainable Finance Study Group has been upgraded to a working group.

从人民银行的角度，我认为有两项重要工作要持续推进。一是继续落实绿色投资原则。2018年底提出的《“一带一路”绿色投资原则》，鼓励金融机构在参与“一带一路”建设中充分了解环境、社会和治理（ESG）风险、做好环境信息披露、运用绿色金融工具等，已有39家中外金融机构加入。人民银行将继续鼓励金融机构在“一带一路”投融资中深化落实，特别是要评估环境和气候风险，加强信息披露。二是多渠道加强绿色发展能力建设。人民银行将继续帮助发展中国家加强绿色金融能力建设，增强他们支持自身绿色转型、应对气候变化的能力。我们也支持多边开发机构发挥专长，为有需要的发展中国家提供绿色金融相关能力建设。

From our perspective, two major tasks require continuous efforts. First, we will continue to implement green investment principles. The Green Investment Principles for the Belt and Road, also known as GIP, encourages financial institutions to fully understand ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) risks, disclose environmental information, and leverage green financial instruments under the “Belt and Road" Initiative. 39 Chinese and foreign financial institutions have joined the GIP. The PBC will continue to encourage financial institutions to implement these principles, in particular, the assessment of environmental and climate risks, and information disclosure. Second, we will take a multipronged approach to strengthen the capacity building. The PBC will continue to help developing countries strengthen their capacity building in green finance to better support their green transition and cope with climate change. We also support multilateral development institutions in tapping their expertise to provide targeted capacity-building assistance to developing countries in need.

金融体系可以在支持绿色转型、管理气候相关风险上发挥积极作用。亚洲国家普遍重视绿色金融与经济转型，我们可以一道积极作为，同世界各国加强绿色金融方面的交流合作，为促进全球可持续发展贡献“博鳌智慧”，共同实现碳达峰、碳中和目标。

The financial system can play a positive role in supporting green transition and managing climate-related risks. Most Asian countries attach great importance to green finance and economic transition. We can work together to actively enhance communication and cooperation in green finance with other countries in the world, contribute Boao Wisdom to global sustainable development, and jointly achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

谢谢大家！

Thank you!

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央行行长博鳌亚洲论坛年会演讲

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