标题: Bill Gates on COVID-19 Vaccine 比尔·盖茨详解新冠疫苗 [打印本页] 作者: Helen 时间: 2020-8-6 09:37 标题: Bill Gates on COVID-19 Vaccine 比尔·盖茨详解新冠疫苗 回帖下载完整视频、音频及双语文本：
The most urgent invention in the world right now is a vaccine that prevents you from getting COVID-19.
目前，世界上最紧急的发明便是预防新冠肺炎的疫苗。
What vaccines do is they teach your immune system about the pathogen.
疫苗的作用是将病原体的信息告诉给你的免疫系统。
This is a coronavirus. And this shape, on its outside, is called the spike protein. It grabs on to the cells in your body that have a particular receptor and get that cell to make billions of copies of this virus.
The first time that you're exposed to this virus, it takes literally days for your immune system to realize that it's a bad thing.
第一次接触这种病毒后，免疫系统实际上需要几天的时间才能意识到这是一件坏事。
So how do we get the immune system to go faster?
那么我们如何使免疫系统更快地运转呢？
The idea of a vaccine is to give you an exposure to something that looks like this, so you’re getting your body to make a lot of antibodies that can take these viruses and actually kill them.
There’s over 100 different efforts, making many different types of coronavirus vaccines.
我们进行了100多种不同的努力，制作了许多不同类型的冠状病毒疫苗。
So, how do you make a vaccine?
那么，如何制作疫苗呢？
Usually you’re injecting at least part of the shape of the virus. Sometimes you do the whole virus, but it’s attenuated so it doesn’t multiply too much. Sometimes you take the virus and you kill it. You won't get sick because they're not duplicating.
What’s typically done is you just take either a piece of the virus or, just the spike, that thing on the surface, and you put it on something else, so there's no risk at all of causing the disease.
比较常用的方法是，将病毒表面的一个片段，例如刺突蛋白，放进其他东西里，这样就完全没有致病的风险。
One final way that's new and is promising is called the RNA vaccine. With RNA and DNA, instead of putting that shape in, you put instructions in the code to make that shape.
So, the Gates Foundation, along with a great number of partners, are looking at these different efforts.
因此，盖茨基金会与众多合作伙伴一起研究了这些不同的努力。
We've never created a new vaccine in less than five years. So, this is urgent and it's going to require incredible collaboration. It's going to have to go to 7 billion people.
So, I am optimistic that one of the vaccine efforts will give us vaccines in the next 18 months, and we'll make sure that it's produced in volume and that it's accessible to everyone in the world.